V.V. Yekhalov, O.V. Kravets, V.P. Stus, S.I. Barannik, M.Yu. Polion, S.L. Chekanov

Pathophysiological changes of the urinary system as a result of unintentional cold injury (scientific and literary review)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is observed in more than 40% of patients with cold injury, and the functional state of the kidneys during unintentional hypothermia and frostbite is a prognostic factor for survival. In thышscientific and literary review, based on information from available sources, the authors for the first time tried to reveal the dynamics of morpho-functional damage to the urinary system, depending on the degree of general random hypothermia of the body. Separately, pathophysiological changes in kidney function in the pre-reactive, post-reactive and recovery-period are considered. The concepts of the “deadly triad”, “calcium paradox”, “warming acidosis” and modern biomarkers for determining early acute renal failure are given. The authors hope that the collected material will be useful for practitioners in assisting victims with accidental general hypothermia.