A. Fetahu, A. Neziri, F. Tartari, G. Karamitri, O. Qeva, A. Daku

Epidemiological research and clinical urolithiasis in Presevo valley

Introduction. Urolithiasis is a pathological process - disease characterized by the formation of stones in the urinary system.

Urolithiasis is a disease in which the incidence rate is increasing. It is estimated that 15% of people over 75 years average life, form stones in the urinary system, where the disease does not spare the inhabitants of any geographic, ethnic, or age groups. Clinically manifested between the third and sixth decade of life. Urolithiasis is a disease of multifactorial multiple processes which consists of socio - economic factors, genetic factors and constitutional factors.

Presevo Valley, includes three municipalities in southern Serbia with 67 villages and 3 urban centers (Presevo, Bujanovac and Medvedja), which extends over an area approximately 1,250 square kilometers and 100,000 inhabitants.

Material & Methods. In March- April period of 2002-2014 epidemiological studies have been made of the area’s population (Presevo Valley) which is involved in a number of population survey by the same epidemiological criteria.

The survey of residents was made by the author of this paper which surveyed 441 families in which the interviews were made and the data were obtained for 2506 members of families, of whom 1687 or 67.3% male and 819 or 32.7% of female. With the X2-test we have gained distinction by gender statistically significant (X2=53.1, P<0.001).

Results. From 2506 members surveyed, urolithiasis of them are 441 people, of whom 297, or 67.3% male and 144 or 32.7% were females. With the X2-test we have gained distinction by gender statistically significant (X2=53.1, P<0.001) (Table 1).

The average age was 45.9 years (DS±13.4), range 14-90 years. The average age of the surveyed males was 46.3 years (DS±12.4), range 14-90 years. The average age of the surveyed females was 44.9 years (DS±15.2), range 19-89 years (Table 2).

Families in the Presevo valley are usually large families, 27.4% have five members in a family, 25.4% have six members in a family, 13.6% have seven members in a family and 11 families have been 10 or more members in family.

From 2506 member’s surveyed 246 cases or prevalence of kidney stones was 9.8%. Of all cases of kidney stones were 107 or 43.7% of the right kidney stones, 98 or 39.8% left, 41 or 16.5% had stones in both kidneys. While gender, men were more stones on the right side 58 or 43.3%, as well as more women were on the right side 30 or 41.7% (Table 3).

From 2506 members surveyed 56 cases or ureter stones prevalence was 2.2%. Both genders were mostly right ureter stones (M 17.2% vs. F 12.5%), then to the left (M 11.2% vs. F 6.9%), and on both sides (M 1.5% vs. F 2.8%) (Table 4).

Of all cases of kidney stones 88 or 42.7% were stones in the right kidney, 80 or 38.8% left, 34 or 16.5% had stones in both kidneys and 4 or 1.9% had kidney stones at the time of diagnosis but only in the ureter. While gender, more men had stones on the right side 58 or 43.3%, as well as more women were on the right side 30 or 41.7%. With the X2-test we have not won difference statistically significant with side of kidney stones by gender (X2=0.096, P=0.953 then P>0.05) (Table 5).

From 206 respondents (134 men and 72 women) with ureteral stones in the kidney and 7.8% they have stated that they have broken the stones with ESWL. Women more often have broken with stones ESWL 8.3% compared with 7.5% men (Table 6).

As shown in Table 7, 7.8% of cases of kidney or ureter stones have declared that they are operated. Males are more often operated 9.0% compared with 5.6% women X2-test but have not earned the distinction with statistically significant (X2-test=0.356, P=0551, then P>0.05) (Table 7).

Conclusions. Presevo Valley is known as endemic area Urolithiasis which could prove even according to the result of the incidence of high Urolithiasis of the respondents 7.6% where as the disease invades the age-group most productive population 45.9 years and early the disease is treated with the application of modern methods ESWL, URS lithotripsy, Percutaneous nephrolitholapaxy.