A.V. Lyulko, R.N. Molchanov

Bladder cancer in the light of immunoediting theory (review)

Bladder cancer is the second common among the malignant tumors of the urinary system. The existing methods of its treatment need further perfection. Prospects of development new, more effective methods of treatment related to the results that was received in the field of antitumor immunity study. The results of researches testify to the presence of three phases of co-operation of tumour cells with the immune system: elimination, equilibrium and escape. In the process of cell transformation at tumour development there is a row of structural and functional changes due to which a tumour possesses the malignant potential. Acquiring due to mutations protection against elimination, tumour cells pass to the phase escape, in which a tumour differs out-of-control growth. Research of mechanisms of similar changes development allows to find the new points antitumor therapy application, one of the most perspective directions of which is local immunotherapy.